- Incremental innovation … basic design concepts are reinforced, linkages between modules are unchanged
- Component or modular innovation … basic design concepts are overturned, linkages between modules are unchanged
- Architectural innovation … linkages between modules are changed, basic design concepts are reinforced
- Radical innovation … basic design concepts are overturned, linkages between modules are changed
- Disruptive ... technological discontinuity
- Application ... technology application creates new market ... killer application
- Product ... improved performance, dominant design
- Process ... more efficient and/or effective processes
- Experiential ... improved customer experience
- Marketing ... improved marketing relationships
- Business model ... reframes the value proposition or value chain
- Structural ... responds to structural changes in the industry
Innovation is embodied in four ways ... in products, in services, in processes, and in changes in paradigms. Paradigm innovation is usually the result of a major change in products, services, processes or a combination. For example, there has been a paradigm change in the delivery of recorded music through the use of MP3 players and on-line downloads.